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Pain management Part 03

Managing pain

Considering the different causes and types of pain, as well as its nature and intensity, management can require an interdisciplinary approach. The elements of this approach include treating the underlying cause of pain, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, and some invasive (surgical) procedures.

Psoriasis

Definition

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious disease characterized by inflamed hyperproliferative lesions covered with silvery-white scabs of dead skin.

Description

Psoriasis, which affects at least four million Americans, is slightly more common in women than in men. Although the disease can develop at any time, 10–15% of all cases are diagnosed in children under 10, and the average age at the onset of symptoms is 28 years of age. Psoriasis is most common in fair-skinned people and relatively rare in dark-skinned individuals, although the rate among African Americans appears to be slowly rising.

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LEFLUNOMIDE (Arava)

Pharmacology.

Leflunomide’s active metabolite (M1) inhibits dihydro-oratate dehydrogenase, thereby inhibiting pyrimidine biosynthesis. M1 exhibits immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory effects.

Administration and Adult Dosage.

PO for rheumatoid arthritis 100 mg/day for 3 days, then 20 mg/day. Reduce dose to 10 mg if 20 mg is not tolerated.

Pediatric Dosage.

Safety and efficacy not established.

Geriatric Dosage.

Same as adult dosage.

Dosage Forms.

Headache

Definition

A headache is a pain in the head and neck region that may be either a disorder in its own right or a symptom of an underlying medical condition or disease. The medical term for headache is cephalalgia.

Description

Headaches are divided into two large categories, primary and secondary, according to guidelines established by the International Headache Society (IHS).

Written by Medical Today in: Health Information | Tags: Abnormality, Acetaminophen, alcohol, Alcoholics, American Adult Population, Analgesic Abuse, Anemia, Antidepressants, Anxiety, Arteries, Arthritis, aspirin, back, Benzodiazepines, Bones, brain, Brain Tumor, breathing, Breaths, Calcium, Cells, Chemicals, Cluster Headaches, Correlates, Deficiencies, dentist, Depression, disease, Diseases Of The Ears, doctor, drug, drugs, Ears, eye, Feelings, Fever, fibromyalgia, food, Genes, glaucoma, Headache, Headache Drugs, Headache Education, headaches, Headaches Migraine, health, Imitrex, infection, infections, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation, injuries, injury, International Headache Society, joint, Joints, lead, massage therapy, Medical Condition, Medical Term, medication, Metoclopramide, migraine, Migraine Headaches, migraines, Mso, muscle, muscles, nausea, neck, Nerves, Neurotransmitters, Normals, Nsaids, Numbness, Oral, Organs, Pace, pain, plastic surgery, Posture, Prescriber, Primary Headaches, Rebound Headaches, Receptors, research, screening, Sensitive Structures, Seriousness, Serum, Severity, shoulder, shoulders, Sinuses, skin, sleep, Smoking, Spine, SSRI, Stimulant, Stress, stretch, Stretches, stretching, Stroke, suffering, Sumatriptan, Suppository, surgery, symptoms, teeth, Temples, Tense, tension, Tension Headaches, thyroid, Tissues, Toxin, Tranquilizers, Trauma, treatment, Tremors, True Number, Tylenol, vision, Vomit, vomiting

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

Pharmacology:

Acetaminophen possesses analgesic and antipyretic activities with few anti-inflammatory effects. It has the same effectiveness as aspirin in inhibiting brain prostaglandin synthetase but very little activity as a peripheral prostaglandin inhibitor. This difference from aspirin and other NSAIDs might explain its relative lack of effectiveness as an anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic agent. Acetaminophen does not inhibit normal platelet action, prothrombin activity, or adversely affect GI mucosal health.

Administration and Adult Dosage:

Written by Medical Today in: Drug Information | Tags: Acetaminophen, Adult Dosage, Alcoholics, aspirin, Fever, head ache, Health Administration, Hr 1, Hr 3, Inflammatory Agents, Mg Dose, Mg Tab, Ml, Mucosal, Nsaids, pain, pain killer, Patient Instructions, Prostaglandin Inhibitor, Relative Lack, Special Populations, Synthetase, Tab 80

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Pain management Part 03

Psoriasis

LEFLUNOMIDE (Arava)

Headache

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

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