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Strep throat

Definition

Strep throat is a contagious infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes.

Description

Strep throat primarily affects children, especially those between the ages of five and 15. Adults whose immune systems have been weakened by stress or other infections are also at risk. Most sore throats are associated with viral infections such as the common cold or the flu. Strep throat is responsible in only about 10%-15% of cases. Many people carry Streptococcus pyogenes in their systems without even knowing it. It can survive in the lining of the throat or nose for years without producing symptoms. Almost 20% of people in general good health may be harboring this bacterium unsuspectingly, according to one statistic.

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Probiotics

Definition

Probiotics, as defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), are “live microorganisms administered in adequate amounts which confer a beneficial health effect on the host.” The microorganisms referred to in this definition are non-pathogenic bacteria (small, single celled organisms which do not promote or cause disease), and one yeast, Saccharomyces.

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LEFLUNOMIDE (Arava)

Pharmacology.

Leflunomide’s active metabolite (M1) inhibits dihydro-oratate dehydrogenase, thereby inhibiting pyrimidine biosynthesis. M1 exhibits immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory effects.

Administration and Adult Dosage.

PO for rheumatoid arthritis 100 mg/day for 3 days, then 20 mg/day. Reduce dose to 10 mg if 20 mg is not tolerated.

Pediatric Dosage.

Safety and efficacy not established.

Geriatric Dosage.

Same as adult dosage.

Dosage Forms.

SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE (Imitrex)

Pharmacology.

Sumatriptan is a serotonin (5-HT) analogue and a selective agonist at 5-HT1D receptors in cerebral vascular smooth muscle. Receptor activation results in migraine relief by vasoconstriction of intracranial blood vessels and attenuation of the release of vasoactive peptides responsible for inflammation of sensory nerves.

Administration and Adult Dosage.

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Prevention & Alternative Remedies for Headaches

Prevention

Lifestyle modification is one measure that people can take to lower their risk of tension headaches. They should get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals at regular times. Skipping meals, using unbalanced fad diets to lose weight, and insufficient or poor-quality sleep can bring on tension headaches.

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Strep throat

Probiotics

LEFLUNOMIDE (Arava)

SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE (Imitrex)

Prevention & Alternative Remedies for Headaches

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